Chinas One-Child Policy Essays -- Human Rights Violations in China

â€Å"Thousands of ladies are being hauled out of their homes, tossed into ‘family planning’ cells, lashed to tables, and compelled to prematurely end pregnancies, even up to the ninth month. Constrained premature birth and sanitization are China’s war on women† (The Reality of China's 1). This was said by Reggie Littlejohn, the leader of Women’s Rights Without Frontiers. Because of the rising populace and the one-kid arrangement, there are numerous human rights infringement; anyway there are associations, for example, Women’s Rights Without Frontiers, which are assisting with halting the issue. Because of the one-youngster arrangement there are numerous genuine human rights infractions. Since the arrangement has been basically, there have been in excess of 400 million forestalled births (China: One-kid Policy 1). Gatherings of ladies are being assembled and compelled to get sanitized (Family Planning? What 1). â€Å"I acknowledged there’s a Tiananmen Square slaughter going on consistently and nobody thinks about it.† This was said by Chai Ling, an innovator in the Tiananmen Square Massacre. She is alluding to the entirety of the constrained premature births and killings of female infants in China (Fighting China's One Child 1). The arrangement is authorized through fines, work misfortune, automatic premature births and cleansings (The Reality of China's 1). Numerous ladies are compelled to get premature births and become disinfected. For instance, a lady was offered infusions to incite a premature birth. At the point when the shots fizzled, the infant was care fully evacuated and cut into pieces (Fighting China's One Child 1). Another model is when government authorities were told they would have their pay rates cut down the middle in the event that they didn’t disinfect 1,369 individuals, give 818 ladies IUD’s, and give 163 premature births in 35 days (U.S. Gatherings Hit China's 4). One appalling model sh... ...ina’s Abominable One-Child Policy.† The New American 11 June 2007: 1-2. InfoTrac Student Edition. Web. 15 Feb. 2015. â€Å"Protecting Women and Girls in China, Where One Child Per Family is the Rule - and a Boy is the Preference.† The Christian Science Monitor 16 Aug. 2010: 1-3. InfoTrac Student Edition. Web. 14 Feb. 2015. â€Å"The Reality of China’s One-Child Policy: A Forced Abortion at Eight Months.† CNSNews.com. Cybercast News Service, 22 Oct. 2010. Web. 15 Feb. 2015. . â€Å"Two For Joy: the Natural Way Out of (China’s) One-Child Policy.† New Internationalist Dec. 1999: 1-2. InfoTrac Student Edition. Web. 15 Feb. 2015. â€Å"U.S. Gatherings Hit China’s One-Child Policy; House Focuses on Breaches of Human Rights.† The Washington Times 24 Dec. 2004: 1-6. InfoTrac Student Edition. Web. 14 Feb. 2015.

Justice look Free Essays

At the point when you look into equivalent words for the word Justice, or ask somebody what they think the word meaner, they will heave things, for example, nonpartisanship, reasonableness, impartiality’s, and so on. I trust Justice as far as the criminal framework is the coordinated effort of three unique elements, police, court, and adjustments. That need to cooperate to shape a figment of one single substance; and in doing this, they need to in any case keep up a check and parity framework among themselves. We will compose a custom article test on Equity look or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now Along these lines, nobody framework ought to have the option to have full power. For just by this would it be able to make progress toward the capacity to achieve a framework that can watch unceasingly, Judge decently, and the capacity to gauge every examination and case with a feeling of fairness. The principle segments of the criminal framework are the police, court, and amendment unit. They need to associate with each other by an aggregate meaner. You have the law implementation in the front line; they are the ones that need to enter the â€Å"crime scene,† think about all the proof, gathers the proof, and they need to capture the suspect. When they have caught the presume seen to be the practitioner of the wrongdoing. The suspect as of now is taken to the defeat; the proof gathered by the police is then introduced at the court. Case is made by both arraignment and barrier group. You have the fair-minded Jury and Judge that see the case, proof, and declaration; they purposeful and return with a sentence. When the suspect is condemned, whenever saw as liable, they are sent to a restorative establishment. The remedial unit officials need to oversee the sentenced criminals. They need to guarantee that their office is all around arranged and equipped for holding the indicted criminals, with the goal that both the prisoners and the general population can coincide in a sheltered domain. The two models of the criminal Justice framework are: The wrongdoing control model and the fair treatment model. The two models vary from one another through which part of the Justice framework they put their accentuation on. The Crime control model put their significance on lessening wrongdoing and crimes in the public arena through ramifications of the Law requirement officials, I. E. Alice/investigator, taking control and in principle get to the arrangement and conviction as quickly as time permits. The Crime control model Judges the individual for what they did, their job in the wrongdoing. It is progressively simple. They accept the seriousness of the discipline should connect with the wrongdoing. This hypothesis takes into consideration the death penalty, they donâ₠¬â„¢t trust one can change, or give an excess of significance for mental status, ethnicity, age, race, and so forth. The Due procedure model is an incredible opposite, it stress the significance of mulling over ones race, age, socioeconomics, and so on. The Due procedure model put significance on regarding ones rights and following all the obligations of the law. While as yet securing ones opportunity. I think the way that the principle parts of the Justice framework some of the time perpetrate with one another are the motivation behind why a few cases get tossed out. A case, that I recall, is the away from of when the Justice framework fizzled; it occurred in the 1993 â€Å"West Memphis Murders. † Three young men were executed in an awful way. For what reason were the killings not explained? Absence of poor proof gathered, impulsive choices making, hopping to end, media publicity, and the police not following up on clues that were brought in. They captured three young men since they depicted flighty practices. They went on noise; they let the weight of the media and open convict three solidified appropriate investigator strategies, and they forced one of the suspects into conceding blame. The Jury wasn’t impartial, everybody felt these young men were blameworthy and in this manner saw them as blameworthy. Had the law implementation officials carried out their Responsibilities appropriately they would have followed up on the sign where there was a man totally grisly and capricious, in the restroom of a drive-thru eatery. The cops never appeared there to converse with him, they went the following day to the eatery took tests an example of DNA, blood smear from the divider, and they lost that lone example of proof. That case went unsolved, an instance of three eight or multi year old young men. That shouldn’t have occurred. The framework will fall flat if the three unique elements of the Justice framework don’t go about as one. In fact, I accept the wrongdoing control model is progressively helpful in light of the fact that you get a decision, move is made, a presume liable of a wrongdoing pays for that wrongdoing as needs be to the seriousness of the wrongdoing; without detail changing the sentence, or race, socioeconomics, age playing a standard in how extreme or absence of seriousness of the discipline. Increasingly crimes would be represented; individuals would fear law implementation officials more. The fair treatment model is increasingly effective and precise. They implement the guidelines and guidelines of the law; they ensure any suspect is treated with the regard they merit as per the law. I accept the two frameworks need to collaborate with each other for it to be reasonable and Just. One framework may arrive at a resolution too rapidly, while the other may permit somebody blameworthy to escape wrongdoing do exclusively to a detail, so nobody framework is impeccable all alone. In any case, I do accept the wrongdoing control model ought to be increasingly pervasive in the Justice framework. I think a lot of thought is given to suspects, and why call somebody presume when their blame is apparent to such an extent, that truly it’s a point one percent chance for them not to have carried out the wrongdoing. I figure the seriousness of the wrongdoing should matter; a pedophilia sequential executioner ought not be gone to life in jail where our assessment cash pays for their living. I don’t figure the death penalty ought to be restricted; there are some out there that sincerely don’t merit the â€Å"luxury’ of a jail. A case of this would be, the Jodi Arias case, she wounded her ex twenty-nine times, shot him, cut his throat, and left him to decay. Is it reasonable for state that it was a demonstration of relegate, when she took the firearm, ensured she had enough gas so she didn’t need to stop anyplace, and took pictures. The most effective method to refer to Justice look, Papers

Review Essay Samples - How to Know Which Essay Best Fits Your Type of Writing?

Review Essay Samples - How to Know Which Essay Best Fits Your Type of Writing?The biggest problem that college students face in writing a good college review essay is that they are too confident about their essay. They have a great idea of what they want to say and they tend to see the answer to their question all along in the content of their essay. It is time for these students to realize that they need a guide in the process, so that they can confidently go ahead and write their own essay.There are many review essays samples out there, and each student has a different preference when it comes to a type of essay. In order to learn which are the best ones, it is important to go through all of them and understand them first. In this way, you will be able to find the one that fits your particular kind of essay.The online research should be conducted and the content of your essay should be studied thoroughly. In fact, you can just choose any site you like, whether they are free or not, and just have a look at their sample to get the idea of what your essay needs to be.There are thousands of different content as well as the content needs to be perfect. You need to make sure that your essay is well written and not just a mere run on sentence. You will get a better idea of how to write your own review essay if you take a close look at the review essay samples available.There are thousands of students who are out there who are writing excellent essays. They even get paid for doing so. The chances are, that these students also wrote many other essay and have the best content as well as quality as well.The best review essay samples are those that have examples of the content that is needed to create an essay. This is not only to make sure that your content is very unique and not like the others but also to help you learn which type of writing you need to use. It is imperative that the content of your essay is unique and original, because most students make a mistake of including the same content in their essay.Many students have already taken this advice and have learned that they can earn a lot by putting up great reviews. All they need to do is to get the right writing guide for their own personal use. They can always look for online reviews when they have a need to do so.

Here Is the Reason Why Dry Ice Makes Fog

Why you put a piece of dry ice in water, youll see a cloud of what looks like smoke or fog billow away from the surface and down toward the floor. The cloud is not carbon dioxide, but actual water fog.   How Dry Ice Produces Water Fog Dry ice is the solid form of carbon dioxide, a molecule that is found as a gas in the air. Carbon dioxide has to be cooled to at least  -109.3  °F to become a solid. When a chunk of dry ice is exposed to room temperature air it undergoes sublimation, which means it changes from a solid directly into a gas, without melting into a liquid first. Under ordinary conditions, this occurs at the rate of 5-10 pounds of dry ice converting into gaseous carbon dioxide per day. Initially, the gas is much colder than the surrounding air. The sudden drop in temperature causes water vapor in the air to condense into tiny droplets, forming fog. Only a small amount of fog is visible in the air around a piece of dry ice. However, if you drop dry ice in water, especially hot water, the effect is magnified. The carbon dioxide forms bubbles of cold gas in the water. When the bubbles escape at the surface of the water, the warmer moist air condenses into lots of fog. The fog sinks toward the floor both because it is colder than the air and because carbon dioxide is denser than air. After a time, the gas warms up, so the fog dissipates. When you make dry ice fog, the concentration of carbon dioxide is increased near the floor. Ready to try it yourself? Heres how to make dry ice fog, safely.

The American Prison System Is A Vital Portion Of American...

Merriam-Webster defines prison as a building where people are kept as punishment for a crime or while they are waiting to go to court. In the United States, there is a large prison system consisting of federal and state prisons. The American prison system is a vital portion of American culture. Crime runs rampant throughout our country and it is up to our prisons to punish people for these crimes, maybe even assist in loweingr the amount of crimes that occur. There are several different types of prisons, separated by gender, and differing through the amount of security depending on the type of prisoners. Prisons differ from jails as they are long term facilities; criminals may stay locked up in prison anywhere from a few months up to their†¦show more content†¦Numerous prison sentences last several years; even taking decades of a person’s life, for countless people prison is the only life they are familiar with. The U.S. prison system is necessary; however, the curren t question is whether it is effective. The prison system should be reformed so that the prisons are not overcrowded and that prisoners have an improved quality of life in and out of prison. The biggest issue with prisons right now is that they are extremely overcrowded. This problem is attributed to the rising crime rate. Currently the crime rate is fairly high, â€Å"Nationwide, law enforcement made an estimated 11,302,102 arrests in 2013† (FBI). Not all of these arrests were sentenced prison time, nonetheless thousands were. 631,200 people were incarcerated in prisons last year (Carson). Several people argue that the crime rate is lower than it has been, however the best crime rate is 0. Prisons aid in lowering the crime rate because criminals cannot commit crimes while they are locked up and currently there are around 2 million criminals not committing crimes (Prisoners), nevertheless once those prisoners are released they return to a life of crime. Statistics show, â€Å"two-thirds of prisoners will reoffend† (Criminal Justice). One of the main roles of prison is to rehabilitate prisoners so that they will not commit other crimes; however, it obviousl y is not working. To alleviate this problem, prisons should counsel prisoners and educate them on why crime is

Accounting for Management Decisions and Analysis

Question: Discuss about the Accounting for Management Decisions and Analysis. Answer: Computation of financial ratios Return on Assets: It depicts how profitable the venture is in comparison to its total assets. It shows how productively an organization is using its assets to create profits. Table 1: Statement showing Computation of Return on Assets of Tom Ltd. and Jerry Ltd Particulars Tom Ltd. Jerry Ltd. Return on Assets Total Assets 410,000 310,000 Net Profit 55,000 65,000 Return on Assets = Net Profit/ Total Assets 13.41% 20.96% Return on Equity: It means the amount of return generated or available for shareholders for distribution in name of dividend. Table 2: Statement showing Computation of Return on Equity of Tom Ltd. and Jerry Ltd. Particulars Tom Ltd. Jerry Ltd. Return on equity Net Profit available for Equity Shareholders 55,000 65,000 Share Capital Reserves 330,000 230,000 Return on Equity = Net Profit available for Equity Shareholders/ Share Capital Reserves 16.66% 28.26% Profit Margin: It refers to proportion of net profit in relation to sales. In other words it reveals how much out of every dollar of sales of a company actually keeps in earning. Table 3: Statement showing Computation of Profit Margin of Tom Ltd. and Jerry Ltd Particulars Tom Ltd. Jerry Ltd. Profit Margin Total Sales 300,000 300,000 Net Profit 55,000 65,000 Profit Margin = Net Profit/ Total Sales or Revenue 18.33% 21.66% Current Ratio: It depicts the liquidity position of an organization. It shows whether the company is able to pay their short term and liabilities or not. Current ratio is proportion of Current Assets to Current Liabilities. Table 4: Statement showing Computation of Current Ratio of Tom Ltd. and Jerry Ltd. Particulars Tom Ltd. Jerry Ltd. Current Ratio Current Assets 110,000 110,000 Current Liabilities 30,000 30,000 Current Ratio: (Current Assets/ Current Liabilities) 3.66 times 3.66 times Asset Turnover Ratio: It is a financial ratio which calculates proficiency of a companys use of its assets in generating sales revenue of the company. In simple words it indicates how company has deployed its assets to generate the revenue. Table 5: Statement showing Computation of Asset Turnover Ratio of Tom Ltd. and Jerry Ltd Particulars Tom Ltd. Jerry Ltd. Asset Turnover Ratio Total Assets 410,000 310,000 Total Sales 300,000 300,000 Asset Turnover Ratio = Total Sales/ Total Assets 0.73 times 0.97 times Debt Ratio: It indicates organizations liability to pay off its liabilities with is assets. It compares total debts with total assets, which is used to gain idea as the amount of leverage being used by the company. Table 6: Statement showing Computation of Debt Ratio of Tom Ltd. and Jerry Ltd Particulars Tom Ltd. Jerry Ltd. Debt Ratio Total Assets 410,000 310,000 Total Liabilities 80,000 80,000 Debt Ratio = Total Debt/ Total Assets 19.51% 25.80% Comments on the performance of Tom Ltd. and Jerry Ltd Return on Assets: Tom Ltd. is generating 13.41% return on assets, while on the other hand, Jerry Ltd. is generating is 20.96% on assets (Helfert, 2013). Jerry Ltd has deployed its assets efficiently as compared to Tom Ltd. because this ratio indicates how a company is utilising their assets in order to create profits. Return on Equity: Return on Equity indicates how much a company is earning profits for their shareholders against their investment. Higher Ratio indicates that the company is generating a higher return for their shareholders and vice versa. Potential shareholders generally seek this ratio prior to investing money in any company (Delen, Kuzey and Uyar, 2013). Here, in this case, Tom Ltd is generating 16.66% for their shareholders. On the contrary, Jerry Ltd. is fetching 28.26% return for their shareholders. This states that Jerry Ltd. will lure potential shareholders if they are planning for a public issue. This will be the case when the investor is comparing Tom Ltd. against Jerry Ltd. Profit Margin In this analysis also Tom Ltd lacks behind Jerry Ltd. Tom Ltd fetch 18.33% on sales and on the contrary Jerry Ltd. is earning 21.66% on sales. This shows that trading efficiency of Jerry is better than Tom Ltd as they are managing their expenses effective to generate better returns for the business. Current Ratio Current ratio shows liquidity position of an organisation. It is proportionate of Current Assets and Current Liabilities. In this scenario, both the company i.e. Tom Ltd. and Jerry Ltd. has a same current ratio (Healy and Palepu, 2012). Both the company have 3.66 times of current assets in comparison of their liabilities. However, this ratio is significantly higher as it is blocking funds unnecessarily. Asset Turnover Ratio It reveals how the efficient company is using its resources in generating revenue (Lawal, 2007). Tom Ltd. has 0.73 times of sales in relation to their assets and on the other side Jerry Ltd has .97 times of sales. Debt Ratio Debt ratio shows total debts of the company in proportionate to its assets. Tom Ltd. has a debt ratio of 19.51%. It means that they have equity of 4 times as compared to their debt. On the other hand, Jerry Ltd. has 25.80% of debt in relation to its Equity. Table 7: Summary statement of financial ratios of Tom Ltd and Jerry Ltd Particulars Tom Ltd. Jerry Ltd. Return on Assets 13.41% 20.96% Return on Equity 16.66% 28.26% Profit Margin 18.33% 21.66% Current Ratio 3.66 times 3.66 times Asset Turnover Ratio 0.73 times 0.97 times Debt Ratio 19.51% 25.80% Importance of identifying accounting policy choices for inter and intra comparison Accounting policies can be termed as specific norms and procedures used by corporate entities for the preparation of financial statements of business. These are also inclusive of methods, measurement systems used for presentation of financial information in prepared statements. These policies are significant for making interpretation of financial statements. Thus, business organisations are required to state these policies for providing a better understanding to users clearly (Gibson, 2012). Further, inter and intra comparison will not be possible if accounting policies are not clearly outlined. For example, IAS 2 provides an alternative to choose between FIFO and weighted-average method. Thus, in a situation, if the policy is not disclosed properly then the basis of standard or interpretation which is applicable to the particular situation (Ehrhardt and Brigham, 2008). However, in the situation there is standard or interpretation related to transaction they specific and relevant policy should be applied to assist users in decision making by making information in a financial statement more reliable. References Ehrhardt, M. and Brigham, E., 2008. Corporate Finance: A Focused Approach. Cengage Learning. Gibson, H. C., 2012. Financial Reporting and Analysis. Cengage Learning. Helfert,E.A., 2013.Techniques of financial analysis. Homewood, IL: Irwin. Lawal, A., 2007. Interpreting financial statement for decision making. Business day. Healy, P.M. and Palepu, K.G., 2012. Business Analysis Valuation: Using Financial Statements. Cengage Learning. Delen, D., Kuzey, C. and Uyar, A., 2013. Measuring firm performance using financial ratios: A decision tree approach. Expert Systems with Applications. 40(10). Pp.3970-3983.

Music has no Language Barrier Essay Example

Music has no Language Barrier Essay Music has no Language Barrier We all now know that Korean pop music is dominating the music industry these days. Many haters says that international fans cant even understand what they are saying, for all they know, they night be cursing the fans without them knowing It. Believe me, I have met many people, in reality or online, who hates Korean Music. But Is It wrong to love them without knowing their mother tongue? I think there are only 1/3 people who are open minded and the other 2/3 are all close minded people. I mean, male call the male Idols gays. Dont they Just feel Insecure because the male Idols are too handsome and not to mention talented? And when a male Like Korean Music people would judge him as gays, well think bonbons are the ones who have lots of courage because they dont care what other people thinks, Its what they Like so no one has the right to Judge them. Sure, I will admit that their are Korean Fans would go crazy and chase their idols around the town of Seoul but it only shows that they love them deeply that they want to make their idols notice them. Just like in one of the anises I have watched. We will write a custom essay sample on Music has no Language Barrier specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Music has no Language Barrier specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Music has no Language Barrier specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The protagonist would go around saying Sensei, please notice me! I think its like that. From what I have seen people who love Korean music tends to be more picky in picking the people who they want to have a relationship with. Because they want that specific person to have the criteria to be Just like their idol. Music has no language barrier. If you like the music then listen to it. If you want to understand what they are saying learn the language. Idols do learn other language so that they communicate with their fans. So Just like that learn the language and you can communicate with your idol online or in reality.

Research and explanation into e-branding and its impact on the consumer behaviour The WritePass Journal

Research and explanation into e-branding and its impact on the consumer behaviour Research and explanation into e-branding and its impact on the consumer behaviour CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTIONCHAPTER 2LITERATURE REVIEW  INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION TO E-BRANDINGTHE IMPORTANCE OF E-BRANDINGDIFFERENT BRANDING STRATEGIESDRIVING ONLINE BRANDS TO SUCCESSE-BRAND BUILDINGBRAND EQUITYONLINE BRANDING METRICSMetrics of brand measurementSTAGES OF BRANDINGELEMENTS OF SUCCESSFUL ONLINE BRANDING  REFERENCESRelated CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Modern day marketing has greatly developed. Companies now use consumer driven approaches to promote their abilities to satisfy needs and wants of the modern consumer. E-branding is one of the processes that let a company to promote their products and services over a broad and open platform, accessible to half the world. More than 4 billion people access the web all over the world. Therefore branding CAN be described as a process of building a positive image for product or service what company provides to its consumers. Moreover effective branding has the emotional element that creates product loyalty, for example Burger King- â€Å"Do it your way† or Nike â€Å"Just do it†. According to Sterne (1999) â€Å"A brand is not a name. A brand is not a positioning statement. It is not a marketing message. It is a promise made by a company to its customers and supported by company†.      CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW   INTRODUCTION In this chapter, the main purpose is to understand various concepts of e-branding- for example- different branding strategies, brand equity and elements of success, importance of e-branding etc. INTRODUCTION TO E-BRANDING   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Commercial internet has been around for over a decade. Many organizations used E-branding to promote their brands on internet. According to Kotler et al (2010, pg 255) e-branding is â€Å"the creation and development of communications strategies specifically for brands to have meaning and context on the web† and the brand stands for â€Å"a name, term, sign, symbol, design or a combination of these, that identifies the product or service of one seller or group of sellers and differentiates them from those competitors†. The Internet is a tactic part of business strategy just like newspapers or direct mail advertisements or business cards. Therefore branding is an important part of Internet commerce, as branding allows companies to build up their reputations as well as expand beyond the original product and service, and add to the revenue generated by the original brand (Carpenter, 2000). According to Kotler et al (2010) strong, successful brand can shift the competitive framework in the company favour, given it intangible, difficult to replicate, values with which to supplement its more basic products, price and distribution benefits. However nowadays people don’t pay attention to the existence of a site as a company, but consumer pays much attention to a good deal for product or service, what could save a lot of money for consumer pocket.   Ã‚   According to Levine (2003) in 1995 July 16th -Amazon.com- was the first company who went live on the Internet, even that time period many people had never ever purchased any goods or services from online shopping.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to Interbrand (2011) a survey of Retail Brands Performance 2010 UK, the BEST TOP 10 are Rank Brand Brand Value ($m) 1 TESCO 10.102 2 MARK SPENCER 6.074 3 BOOTS 2.480 4 ASDA 1.395 5 NEXT 1.314 6 ARGOS 912 7 SAINSBURYS 849 8 MORRISONS 429 9 WAITROSE 338 10 DEBENHAMS 284 Source: interbrand.com/en/BestRetailBrands/2011.aspx For that reason Levine (2003) argues that â€Å"E-branding is not just the activity of creating a brand on the internet, it’s not just about making e-commerce site famous and creating brands that end in â€Å".com†, e-branding can create brand awareness, state brand identity, and reinforce brand integrity as well as or better than most other forms of branding communications†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Internet is as a direct communication with the public, where companies can talk to their consumers what they want to reach or they can talk with consumers who have interest about product or service what organization provides, therefore organizations can reach millions of people for the price of one local newspaper advertisement fees (Sheehan, 2010). Nowadays organizations need to use WEB, because cited from Levine (2003, pg 169) â€Å"Product or service without a web site in today’s market is like a politician without vocal cords: he or she might have great ideas, but who’s going to know about them?† Internet has transformed the image of marketing and branding. Traditional brand branding types such as TV, radio, newspapers etc is always the choice of marketers to brand the business; however the pattern is changing with consumer buying behaviour shifting towards online purchasing, and for that reason e-branding now is more and more important as ever with the globalized access for billions of consumers. Successful e-branding leads to increase brand awareness and potential access to new customers as well as the development of new lines of business, previously unavailable to traditional companies. As customers creates their trust in brands through of use and experience, companies has the opportunity to start building relationship with consumers, strengthening the brand further and making it more difficult for competitors to imitate. Therefore it is very important for business to build up memorable brand in consumers mind. Brand is the product what organization produce, and its represents organizations core values, competencies, attitudes, vision, mission, personality and appearance (Kushwaha, 2009). More over there exist high competition in market, therefore organization need to find a market niche and accurately adjust the offer to the consumers need.   According to study by Cheskin Research (1999) brand is at the top the list of six marketplace fundamentals for building and maintaining trust on the internet: others are navigability, fulfilment, presentation, technology and seals of approval. THE IMPORTANCE OF E-BRANDING According to Aaker (2000) â€Å"branding has been characterised as the process of creating value through the provision of a compelling and consistent offer and customer experience that will satisfy customers and keep them coming back†. However Chernatony et al (1992) says that the companies who have strong history of strong brands -will likely maintain greater control over the balance of power between them and customers, not forgetting that command a higher market share and premium price against generic, unbranded, equivalents. Were Rowley (2004) argues that â€Å"if organization has the strong and successful brand, then it helps to shift the competitive framework in the company favour, giving it intangible, difficult to replicate, values with which to augment its more basic product, price and distribution benefits†. However Steven (1999) explains that e-branding also provide an economy of scale to the company and provide it with a springboard from which to launch addit ional associated products and services. Brand management should aim to build into customers minds a set of perceptions and attitudes relating to an offering, leading to positive buying behaviour (Phillips, 2006). A brand helps in differentiating one company from another. As it was mention before brand marketing is the process of developing the right image or corporate identity of organization to the market place. According to Show (2009) the main element of good brand development include target market research which involves collecting information on potential clients need and preferences, features and benefits of their products in which the target market will be interested. As Show (2009) explains – brand building or brand marketing comprises of brand name development, brand design, logo design, brand communications, corporate branding and product branding. The creation and development of a well-differentiated brand helps in reaching customers in a way that it is compatible with their beliefs, language, need and expectations (Show, 2009). Branding seeks a certain impression with respect to the qualities or characteristics of a product that makes it special or unique, furthermore with branding, organization can brand product/service brand into the consciousness of consumers. In generally the importance of branding a product/ service lies in the fact that branding means recognition and an identity (Scholasticus, 2010). However cited from Scholasticus (2010) â€Å"actual words â€Å"branding† in its origins can be connected to the activity of branding of milk giving animals, where farmers-animal owners- often branded their cows and buffaloes with their signature brands. The milk of animal that were taken better care of, was always in demand and of course-costly†.   But from the point of view of business, the process of branding involves making of a trademark and a good name (Scholasticus, 2010). However in the field of marketing, the brand name plays an important role as it helps the people to promote the brand name and its merits quite easily, it also becomes possible for the marketing people to generate intelligence information about brands popularity and also what people exactly want from the brand owning company, and more over as a resu lt of a brand loyal group of consumers, it also becomes easier for marketing department to asses regular and promised demand (Scholasticus, 2010). E-branding refers to any type of branding by electronic means. Dubberly (2000) describes a brand as a sign, formed by words or graphics that represent or signify the brand and the perception of the brand, which has been shaped by the experience. All traditional branding and e-branding must be customer centric.   However the type of customer that organization hope to attract may be different, for example traditional brands may center or a domestic market, where brick- and- mortar locations exist, but the e-brand may look to have an international reach. Traditional branding may look to move customers to impulse buying whereas e-brands may look more for brand recognition. More over e-branding supplement brand recognition on website through community building for their loyal customers. According to Mega public branding (2011) multinationals corporations operating online face different problems, for example information technologies, but connection with the commercial performance on their online ventures. Often, the budget has been spent on content management system, IT staff, and in local web companies delivering individual user interfaces based on either outdate branding system or on none at all. Such problems derive from the fact that these companies have failed to invest pro-actively in a global strategic branding program- because organization have failed underestimated the need for a strong global brand vision and for a direct marketing program adapted to the internet (Mega public branding, 2011). However Hoeck (2007) argues that there exist three main problems with branding, and the first problem is that the companies try to be what they think their customers want them to be. The second problem is that the companies have done nothing about their brands. The third common problem is that the companies who get mired in analysis paralysis- over thinking market segmentation, competitive positioning, value propositions, long- term objectives, short- term objectives, quality research, quantitative research etc.   As Hoeck (2007) explains companies need to be â€Å"themselves†. Furthermore Hoeck (2007) explains if companies don’t stand out in the marketplace, they are not connecting with potential customers. And the main reason why companies don’t stand out- is because they don’t know â€Å"who† they are (Hoeck, 2007). Nowadays some companies think that they need to be like their potential customers in order to connect with them, so they bend over backwards trying to be what they think the market wants them to be (Hoeck, 2007). Some companies try many different looks and change with the trends, however having many different images and personalities at the same time, makes consumer confused and it dilutes any competitive advantage (Hoeck, 2007). Good example would be Microsoft, when Windows Live online service was introduced in 2005, and company was criticized for the confusing and inconsistent branding and naming of the Live services (Arvidson, 2010). In general Windows Liver service includes Windows Live Hotmail, a free email system, Windows Live Essentials, which includes a package of software including Photo gallery, movie maker, and Windows Live Mesh, which allows user to sync photos and documents between computers (Arvidson, 2010). The brand problems appearance after Microsoft created the â€Å"Live† service brand, because it created confusion when the email service was alternately named Windows Live Mail and Windows Live Hotmail, more over the â€Å"Live† branding term was not consistently used in several Microsoft products, but it made big confusions in consumers’ eyes (Arvidson, 2010). And only in 2007 Microsoft launched The Windows Live Search service, separating it from its â€Å"Live† brand to be a part of its Microsoft ad Centre, which provides pay- per- click advertisement service (Arvidson, 2010). DIFFERENT BRANDING STRATEGIES According to Worsham (2009) there exist four branding strategies- Corporate branding, distinct brand, hybrid brand and umbrella brands. As Worsham (2009) explains- CORPORATE BRAND STRATEGY stands for companies that only offer one benefit for their customers, more over they usually used corporate brand. Advantage- Everything the company does is attributed to its brand Disadvantage Everything the company does is attributed to its brand The next brand category according to Worsham (2009) is DISTINCT BRAND STRATEGY, what stands for when companies choose to release each product or service as its own brand ( for example Proctor Gamble) Advantage each product stands alone so failures do not affect the entire company or other products. Distinct benefit for each product can be directly attributed to a specific brand. Disadvantages according to Worsham (2009) would be that each product will require its own marketing strategy and budget, with no synergy possible between products. Successes will not be directly attributes to the company brands. The next category of brand is HYBRID BRAND STRATEGY according to Worsham (2009). This brand stands for when a product extends the benefit of an overall brand or company. Advantages: marketing and branding can take advantage of the overall brand for budget and reputation. Disadvantage: any problems or negative press for either the product or the overall brand will affect both brands. The last brand category stands for UMBRELLA BRAND STRATEGY according to Worsham (2009). If company provides different products with different benefits, but they all extend the same value to the customer, sometimes they all offered under an overall brand, for example Nike. Advantages: each product contributes to the shared value offered to the customer. More over marketing and branding strategies can be at the shared value level, touting all the specific benefits. Disadvantages: any product can negatively affect the overall brand and specific benefits may be muddled in the overall shared value. Cited from Irvine (2011) – it doesn’t matter in what industry organization operates, but it is important to choose and used the right branding strategy. With branding strategies organization define what advertisement campaigns organization will use to promote their products. Furthermore branding strategy what organization choose will end up forming the identity or image that people will have of the products, causing them to be attracted or repelled by what organization present (Irvine, 2011) DRIVING ONLINE BRANDS TO SUCCESS According to Sharpe (2000) the development of a powerful brand requires money, analysis, planning, execution and time, and for that reason there exist principles for building up strong online brand: KEY BRANDING PRINCIPLES: Defining the brand Selecting the brand strategy framework Developing specific and achievable goals Operational zing the brand Leveraging the features of the internet Monitoring the brand performance Caring about customers Source: Key principles for successful online branding, Sharpe, 2000.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Defining the brand is the first crucial step for success. According to Anonymous (2002) investing time and energy in e-marketing, can help understand brand better, involving its meanings to potential consumers, its relationships to competitor brand, and the brand role in the market. According to Anonymous (2002) there exist three basic brand strategy frameworks, when organizations define their brands- Conglomerate brand strategy means that the companies’ brands stand on their own, for example Procter Gamble with independent brand like Tide and Crest. Corporate brand strategy what means that there exist relationship between the company and its brands, for example car brand Renault and its models like Renault Megana and Renault Twingo Master brand strategy means that there are very close relationship with brand and company, in different words every brand name includes the corporate brand name, for example hotel chain Holiday Inn and its brand Holidays Inn Express. Developing specific and achievable goals is next important principle for building up strong online brand. Quoted from Graham (2002) different objectives demand different strategic approaches. Therefore Goldsmith (2001) recommends distinguish between specific branding goals: Awareness, therefore organizations need to use online and offline advertisements if they want to stand out from the crowd Message association- organization need to design perfect brand message to make customers to associate a message with products what organization provide. Next important principle according to Anonymous (2002) is operationalzing the brand, because the identification and formulation of the brand actions plan can help to increase effective communication and delivery of the brand attributes. Leveraging the features of the internet, offers advertisers unique opportunities allowing them to make stronger brand affinity (Anonymous, 2002). Therefore Bruner (2000) explains that there exist five features, what are the most important for online branding success, and they are – Search engines majority of internet users use primarily search engines such Google or Bing for information research, therefore Web search engines are a key to success by positively influencing a brand awareness among customers Permission email – nowadays web users have become more and more fed up of â€Å"spam† – marketing message bombarding their e-mail boxes, therefore email as online marketing tool can be used for targeting new customers, and retaining existing users if they allowed it.   For example- customer relationship e-mail –by Amazon. Com for order confirmation. Personalization- organization need interact with customer, for example FedEx offering their customers to track the shipment of an online order, and it can also increase customer satisfaction and it can improve brand loyalty. Word of mouth-   can be very cost- efficient tool in acquiring new customers, because usually satisfied users recommends a website to their friends or they give good feedback to another web users who need the same service or product what organization provide Affiliate networks. Nowadays WEB users more and more randomly surf in the WEB sites, therefore the business existence in many web sites are become more important in reaching potential customers.   Therefore Graham (2002) explains that affiliate network allows cooperative advertisements and promotions to be more rewarding than conventional banner and campaigns. E-BRAND BUILDING According to Murphy (1993) â€Å"branding is concerned with assembling and maintaining a mixture of values, both tangible and intangible, which are relevant to consumers and which significantly and appropriately distinguishes one suppliers brand from that of another†. According to Treiblmaier (2006) the origins of brand management can be found in the beginning of the 20th century. Its primary goals include the creation and the development of distinguishable symbols, which could serve as a reference and influence a consumers buying decision. To make a brand competitive, it is important to have preferences for brand, trust and customer loyalty. E-brands are brands what exist in online and it represents an offer or an organization, depending on whether the company conduct business online, offline or both, there can be seen three different types of differentiation, for example pure players, offline brands and mixed players (Treiblmaier, 2006). Source: Brand building on the web (Aaker and Joachimsthaler, 2000, p 237) Aaker et al (2000) explains that there exist six tools for building brand on the web, and they are the most powerful brand-building tool, since it can be tailored to the actual needs of the customers. Advertising efforts and sponsored content on a third-party site help to get known in the online world. An intranet can be used to communicate the brand and its identity internally, while a customer extranet makes users feel like being part of a big community. Web based public relations strategies intend to influence communication measures, which cannot be directly controlled by the company itself, such as private websites, public discussion rooms and chats. It is of vital importance for enterprises to know about their â€Å"online image†, since information is spread easily on the Internet, and can have both positive and negative effects. E-mail enables the organization to send and receive information, thereby simplifying contact with their stakeholders Furthermore Clark (1997) explains that to create a powerful e-brand it is important to compare the impact of various factors, for example- web-design, promotions, positioning, security, name, information and service delivery in different market environment. Website, at the end of the day, is the ultimate one-to-one communication channel, second only to human interface (Sheehan, 2010). A well designed website can be a superb brand extension and sales executive for any company: always on duty, always accurate, always up-to-date (as long as it is maintained) and utterly consistent (Sheehan, 2010). Of course, the web is no replacement for the human intelligence but it is a powerful weapon to extend a brand into the wide world, 24-hours a day (Jacobsohn, 2002). BRAND EQUITY According to Kotler et al (1999) â€Å"Brand equity is the value of brand, based on the extent to which it has high brand loyalty, name awareness, perceived quality, strong name associations, and other assets such as patents, trademarks, and channel relationships†. Therefore advertisements are main force what help increase brand equity.   Brand equity is measured based on how much a customer is aware of brand, in another words it shows how much customers are willing to switch to another brand, especially when that brand makes a change, either in price or in product features (Kapferer, 1997). More over high brand equity provides a company with many competitive advantages, for example powerful brands enjoy a high level of consumer brand awareness and loyalty, for example Coca Cola, IBM, Marlboro and so on (Kotler et al, 1999). Furthermore if brand carries high credibility, then organization can more easily launch line and brand extension for example Procter Gamble (Kotler et al, 1999). According to Stamoulis (2011) † building up brand equity in online can take time, dedication and patience, however the intangible asset that is brand equity can go a long way in building and maintaining an online reputation, building trust factor with the search engines and consumer; and it helps increase online brand presence and more†. Brand equity is not something that just happens; it takes a conscious effort to make sure that the brand equity becomes a valuable asset (Kotler et al, 1999). And for that reason Stamoulis (2011) explains that there exist three ways how to build up brand equity: Invest in content marketing. According to Junta42 Content Marketing (2011): †Content marketing is a marketing technique of creating and distributing relevant and valuable content to attract, acquire, and engage a clearly defined and understood target audience-with the objective of driving profitable customer action†. Content marketing is art of communications with customers and prospects without selling, in different words it is non-interruption marketing (Stamoulis, 2011). In different words consumer doesn’t care what company is or what they   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   do; all what consumers want is to know what organization can do for them, or how the product what company sell can solve consumer problems (Stamoulis, 2011). This type of marketing used organizations around the world, and good examples would be Procter Gamble, Microsoft or Cisco Systems. The second way according to Stamoulis (2011) would be cultivate relationship with industry bloggers, because influential blogger (person who writes a weblogs) can provide a huge boom for organizations content marketing campaign. A popular business blog may get thousands of visitors per day and a powerful blogger can help Support business not only for building up brand equity; but it can also help drive incredible amounts of traffic to the site. The third way according to Stamoulis (2011) would be- building an online community. ONLINE BRANDING METRICS Consumers often anthropomorphize brands by endowing them with personality traits, and marketers often create or reinforce these perceptions by their brand positioning (Rajagopal, 2008). Brand personality traits provide symbolic meaning or emotional value that can contribute to consumer brand preferences and can be more enduring than functional attribute. Successful positioning of a brands personality within a product category requires measurement model that are able to disentangle a brand unique personality traits from those traits that are common to all brands in the product category (Rajagopal, 2008). Therefore businesses need to use brand measurement system to understand how successful they are in the market. However Stewart (2004, pg 382) explains that â€Å"The key benefit of a brand measurement system is that it links brand management and business performance, and the system is most powerful when it is viewed as a strategic management tool for continuous improvement rather than a static snapshot in time of the brands performance†. All measurements need to be considered as a continuous activity (Stewart, 2004). For that reason Stewart (2004) explains that metrics should be grouped in three categories- perception metrics, performance metrics and financial metrics, what allows marketer to gauge the effectiveness of brand- building activity from brand investment (inputs) through to business impact (outputs), (Stewart, 2004). Metrics of brand measurement Source: Steward, Brand Management (2004, pg 383) As Steward (2004) explains that the Perception metrics focus on the range of functional, emotional and latent connections that combine to form an opinion of a brand. This metric also include awareness, familiarity, relevance, consideration and preference, more over all these aspects help to gauge the effectiveness of various brand-building activities across all the points of interaction with a customer. Performance metrics helps to assess how thevarious brand-building activities have combined to drive over- all business results, and range from price premium to loyalty to lifetime value of a customer.Financial metrics represent the economic impact on the business, whether revenue growth or return on investment. However the biggest challenges what marketer can face is an understanding the causal relationship between brand perception, brand performance and financial impact, but once the causal connections are made across perception, performance and impact, the marketer can tie activities directly to value creation (Stewart, 2004) STAGES OF BRANDING Brand changes are related to the expertise of management, the firms’ strategic goals and market targeting activities, the branding activities of other firms, the sophistication of consumers, the level of involvement in the product category, the stage of the product life cycle and the development of branding in the relevant product category (The Star, 2006). The brand evolution process consists of six stages, where each stage and every stage is related to the consumer engaging, learning, and valuing a particular brand (Shahzad, 2010). Therefore The Star (2006) explains that there exist six stages of branding: Unbranded goods. In this first stage, goods are treated as commodities and most are unbranded. This stage can be described as an excess of demand over supply. Producers make little effort to distinguish or brand their goods with the result that the consumers perception of good is utilitarian (Shahzad, 2010) Brand as reference competitive pressure stimulate producers to differentiate their goods from other manufacturers, and it is achieved through change in physical product attributes. Consumer memory network expand beyond recognition of the basic product category to include other product information in order to evaluate goods on the bases of consistency and quality (Shahzad, 2010). Organizations used brand names based on their image of the brand as a heuristic device in decision making. Brand as a personality- by this stage of brand as personality, differentiation among brands on rational and functional attributes becomes exceedingly difficult as many producers make the same claim, and for those reason organisations gives their brand personality. Brand as icons in this stage the brand is â€Å"owned by consumers†. There exist extensive knowledge about the brand- frequently worldwide- and use it to create their self-identity. Brand as a company brand has a complex identity and there are many points of contract between the consumer and the brand. Brand as policy this stage is distinguished by an alignment of the company with ethical, social and even political causes. ELEMENTS OF SUCCESSFUL ONLINE BRANDING   Successful online branding must have excellent management of product positioning, good copy content, good SEO values and an effective online brand presence, all of which require a lot off work (Cleanthous, 2010).   The online market may be the biggest in the world, but it is also is the toughest market in the world, because businesses need get consumer attention to the extent of actually buying a product. Therefore Cleanthous (2010) explains that â€Å"Four Ps† of traditional marketing plays huge role in success, and â€Å"Four Ps† stands for: Products must have a clear target audience online. Core users are the essential demographic for online marketing. Positions internet audience will ignore irrelevant information, and that includes any product related to irrelevant information, marketing information must be positioned correctly in terms of the target demographic. Price online pricing must be considered to be market sensitive, because in a market where everyone can instantly go and check and make comparisons with other products, pricing must be competitive and realistic. Promotion online promotions can be brilliant, incredibly successful or stunningly ineffectual and totally wasteful in terms of time and effort. However small business Trend (2011) argues that there exist 4Cs, what helps create a great brand online, and 4Cs stands for – content, consistency, clarity, cultivate. Therefore Small Business Trend (2011) explains that the most important factor of branding online is CONTENT, not a logo or the colours what company use on their WEB site. Content is a brand message what company are using to unite with their customers (Barone, 2011). The next â€Å"C† stands for CONSISTENCY. Companies try to create a brand with a cohesive message that users will be able to trust over time. Companies’ logo, web accounts, site colour, and text on message or home page everything must deliver the same message and brand must do what it promise to its consumers (Small business Trend, 2011). The next â€Å"C† stands for CLARITY. Organisations must create characters, because it allows the organisation best connect with their target audience, but from the beginning it is important to understand who audience is, what they are looking for, and where organization can fit into the mix (Barone, 2011). Organisation must represent clear about what they want their brand connecting fibers to be (Small business Trend, 2011) The last â€Å"C† stand for CULTIVATE.   In general brand will not grow overnight; therefore organizations need to cultivate it over time (Barone, 2011). This involves- commenting on blogs, participating in appropriate online communities, responding to people when they mention you, being proactive about building relationships, and being open to letting customers inside organization (Small Business Trend, 2011). However Philpott (2008) argues that internet brand development is a relatively straight forward and logical process. It starts with creating and increasing an online awareness of products or service what organization represent. For that reason Philpott (2008) explains that there exist three simple steps to effectively establish chosen online brands by organization on WEB. And these three steps are- exposure, Repetition and build trust. The first step is EXPOSURE. It is very important for organization to build an online brand to get out in front of people. Therefore organizations can use video or different content to increase their exposure on the internet. For example –social sites, blogs, forums or other platforms can be used for organization to target audience. The second step is REPETITION. For organization to create and developed an online awareness of brand will take a repeated, consistent and sustained effort in order to be effective. As Philpott (2008) explains â€Å"branding is making ’lasting’ impression and this cannot be done overnight†. More over the impression what organization is trying to build in consumers’ eye have a lasting effect and repetition is the key. The last step according to Philpott (2008) is BUILDING TRUST. Whatever type of contents organization use to build up their online brand, organization want it to be useful to the people they target. When consumer associated brand with organization, then it is easier for business to target these customers, because when association and reputation increase, so will marketing effectiveness increase, not forgetting trust from consumers (Philpott, 2008). 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A Review Of Personal Loans Commerce Essay

A Review Of Personal Loans Commerce Essay If you already have a personal loan, the chances are that it is costing you more than it should. Even though there are a number of great opportunities to make your money work harder, most people don’t bother changing their loan and stick with a loan rate that doesn’t reflect the best deal. By using our search tool to compare loans, you can compare offers available from loan providers in the UK including both personal loans and homeowner loans. A loan is an amount of money you borrow from your bank or any financial institution, usually over a fixed period of time, which is repaid at regular intervals. Interest is charged and added to the original loan amount, and other charges, such as an Administration Fee, may apply to the loan as well. Generally, there are 2 types of loans secured and unsecured loan. Secured loans are secured against the mortgaged property. Secured loans usually ranges from  £3,000 to  £50,000, although some lenders will consider lending up to  £100,000. The amount borrowed is repaid monthly over a term agreed at the outset, ranging between three and 25 years. Unsecured loans can be taken out without offering the lender any security. Unsecured personal loans are available for a range of different amounts and repayment terms. Larger loans such as those for over  £10,000 can usually be taken over longer terms, for example between seven and 10 years, and the maximum you can borrow is about  £25,000. Payday loans are short-term borrowing solutions aimed at those facing an immediate financial difficulty. If you find yourself short of cash towards the end of the month, you can apply for a same-day payday loan, usually lasting for 31 days and are generally available for amounts between  £100 and  £1,000. The interest rates on payday loans are much higher than those on most other types of borrowing. The most common personal loans are fixed, which means repayments are set at a certain amount over a set period of time. Vari able loans are also available, although this means that your interest rate is dependent on the bank base rate and could fluctuate. When choosing a loan you should pay careful attention to the APR, the Annual Percentage Rate, this is important because it tells you how much you are paying back. Secured loans Secured loans are secured against the mortgaged property. Secured loans usually ranges from  £3,000 to  £50,000, although some lenders will consider lending up to  £100,000. The amount borrowed is repaid monthly over a term agreed at the outset, ranging between three and 25 years. Unsecured loans can be taken out without offering the lender any security. Payday Loans Payday loans are short-term borrowing solutions aimed at those facing an immediate financial difficulty. If you find yourself short of cash towards the end of the month, you can apply for a same-day payday loan, usually lasting for 31 days and are generally available for amounts between  £100 and  £1,000. Th e interest rates on payday loans are much higher than those on most other types of borrowing. Payday loans are intended only as a short term arrangement. As with an overdraft, payday loans should not be seen as a long term solution.

No topic Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

No topic - Assignment Example It is difficult to underestimate the importance that mercantilism played with respect to the Atlantic trade that took place within this same time period. Whereas it may be understood that Britain was the power that most greatly benefited from mercantilism, other European powers engaged with this very same model; up to and including the Portuguese, Spanish, the Dutch, and the French. Maintaining colonies in South America, Africa, the Caribbean, and Canada respectively, these powers utilize mercantilism as a way of both developing the colonial allegiance of the territories they held as well as benefiting the economy of the mother nation. This model of course shifted as the strength that the mother country could exert over these colonies began to diminish during the 18th century. Naturally, the American Revolution heralded the greatest reduction in mercantilism that had yet been witnessed. 2. European culture expanded throughout the world. Discuss how the Islamic kingdoms of the Ottoman s, Safavids and Mughals blended European culture with their own. How did Sharia law adjust to European influences? As European culture expanded throughout the world, trade routes were of course the most powerful mechanisms through which culture was integrated with foreign peoples. At the mixing point between East and West, European culture often came in direct contact with Muslim culture; a culture that specifically relied upon sharia law as a means of delineating justice and ordering their lives. However, as with any cultural interaction and the means through which this takes place, a synthesis of these two cultures and dominant religions came to take place. For instance, the Mughals, Safavids, and Ottomans adopted the European model of maintaining a standing army at all times through a regiment pay structure. This served as a fundamental difference with regards to the manner by which these entities had traditionally integrated with military affairs. Ultimately, rather than draftin g a conscript army that had little to no training and experiencing the massive losses from casualties that such an untrained and ill-prepared army necessarily engendered. Moreover, Western influences with regards to clothing, science, and technology were also represented within these cultures as they sought to change with the times and develop their own culture alongside what was, by the measurement of that era, the most advanced societies that existed. 3. How did the rulers of the world show their power? What did they build and how did they treat the common people in regards to the buildings? Be specific with the major powers of France, China, Persia, India and African empires. As might be expected, different cultures integrated with their subjects in different ways; choosing to display their power with regards to the buildings they created, the institutions they formed, and the manner through which society integrated. With respect to Persia, the power and majesty of Persia can be seen with respect to the architectural projects that were engaged and the emphasis upon beauty and art. By means of comparison, China was perhaps the most developed with respect to building architectural wonders in creating a society that could take pride in the splendor and beauty of the capital and surrounding regions. Interestingly, even though France was, and continues to be, and a dominant power in the world, the level and extent to which

Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 47

Philosophy - Essay Example In his epistemology, David Hume held that all ideas are derived from sense experience; Hume saw ideas as nothing but memory of impressions (Solomon, Higgins, and Martin, 2011). For Hume, impressions are the immediate sensations that we have of things. For Hume, therefore, it is impossible of have ideas of things that we do not sense or we do not have their impressions. In his views on the self, David Hume argued that there is nothing like, simply because we do not have and we cannot have impressions of the self. The following is the argument that Hume advanced in support of his view that self is an illusion, and that what we call self is merely a bundle of sensations. Hume began his argument on the self by claiming that, if you think about the concept self, and if you will ask yourself which of the five senses give you the impression of self, you will realize that none of the five human senses gives one the impression of self as a unified reality. Hume claimed that when he tries to think about the concept of self, what he stumbles upon are particular perceptions such as heat or cold, love or hate, or pleasure or pain. Hume claimed that in his reflections on self, he realized that it was impossible for him to have a unified impression of self without the particular perceptions. For this reason, therefore, Hume concluded that there is no self, but what we call self is merely a bundle of sensations. Hume, however, argued that, although self is a bundle of sensations, we nevertheless have some idea of personal identity or the self. Hume reasoned that the idea of personal identify or the self that we have is an error in reasoning caused by human tendency to associate ideas and to attribute to erroneously attribute to them a causal connection. Because of this human tendency, we associate the various human perceptions and wrongly claim that these perceptions cause the impression of self. Hume, therefore, concluded that the impression of self is impossible, and for that

Issues Within the Discipline of Forestry :: Environment Conservation Growth Agriculture Paper

Issues Within the Discipline of Forestry The idea of forestry in the sense that we know it today is only about four hundred years old. Forestry developed mainly out of the need for a continual supply of wood products. There were a few forest reserves for hunting or preservation in Europe, but the idea of managing a forest for a number of resources is quite new. There are four stages that almost all societies have gone through when trying to develop this idea of forestry. The first stage has to do with the unregulated abuse of forest products to be used as energy, building supplies and also to be cleared to make way for agricultural land. This creates a kind of domino effect on forests everywhere. The overexploitation of regional forests means there will be a scarcity of products that are considered valuable, which in turn leads to the abuse of more outlying forests and the overexploitation of them and so on and so forth. In the United States this stage was seen with the colonization of America. Colonization began in the eas tern U.S. and as a result led to the destruction of forests there. People needed forest supplies to build their homes and farms, and when the regional forests were almost depleted they began taking resources from outlying forests (Kimmins, 1992). The U.S. prior to colonization had an estimated one billion acres of forested land. By the year 1900 that area had been reduced to 567 million acres (Berger, 1998, p.29). After this initial stage of carelessness is recognized there is a stage of regulation in order to make certain that the forests will be maintained for resources and other values. This is the point where the idea of forestry begins. Hamish Kimmins in his book Balancing Act: Environmental Issues in Forestry states this about the second stage, "It usually involves a centralized, authoritarian, non-ecological, administrative approach based on legislation and regulation rather than on a knowledge of how forests grow, how they respond to management, and how ecosystems function" (Kimmins, 1992, p.50). This administrative approach usually ends up failing, and there is recognition that management will only work if techniques that are in tune with the ecological characteristics of the area are taken into account. This stage was evident in the United States when the U.S. Bureau of Forestry was created in 1891 (Kimmins, 1992). The third stage is the promotion of an ecologically sound method to forestry. Issues Within the Discipline of Forestry :: Environment Conservation Growth Agriculture Paper Issues Within the Discipline of Forestry The idea of forestry in the sense that we know it today is only about four hundred years old. Forestry developed mainly out of the need for a continual supply of wood products. There were a few forest reserves for hunting or preservation in Europe, but the idea of managing a forest for a number of resources is quite new. There are four stages that almost all societies have gone through when trying to develop this idea of forestry. The first stage has to do with the unregulated abuse of forest products to be used as energy, building supplies and also to be cleared to make way for agricultural land. This creates a kind of domino effect on forests everywhere. The overexploitation of regional forests means there will be a scarcity of products that are considered valuable, which in turn leads to the abuse of more outlying forests and the overexploitation of them and so on and so forth. In the United States this stage was seen with the colonization of America. Colonization began in the eas tern U.S. and as a result led to the destruction of forests there. People needed forest supplies to build their homes and farms, and when the regional forests were almost depleted they began taking resources from outlying forests (Kimmins, 1992). The U.S. prior to colonization had an estimated one billion acres of forested land. By the year 1900 that area had been reduced to 567 million acres (Berger, 1998, p.29). After this initial stage of carelessness is recognized there is a stage of regulation in order to make certain that the forests will be maintained for resources and other values. This is the point where the idea of forestry begins. Hamish Kimmins in his book Balancing Act: Environmental Issues in Forestry states this about the second stage, "It usually involves a centralized, authoritarian, non-ecological, administrative approach based on legislation and regulation rather than on a knowledge of how forests grow, how they respond to management, and how ecosystems function" (Kimmins, 1992, p.50). This administrative approach usually ends up failing, and there is recognition that management will only work if techniques that are in tune with the ecological characteristics of the area are taken into account. This stage was evident in the United States when the U.S. Bureau of Forestry was created in 1891 (Kimmins, 1992). The third stage is the promotion of an ecologically sound method to forestry.

Critical thinking Essay

1. What is the purpose of education? To transmit culture? To provide social and economic skills? To develop critical thinking skills? To reform society? I think that the purpose of education is to get the children ready for real life, and provide them the learning skills, and abilities that they will need. 2. What are schools for? To teach skills and subjects? To encourage personal self-definition? To develop human intelligence? To create patriotic, economically productive citizens? Schools’ purposes are major in every culture all around the world. In my eyes, schools are to educate the general public, young or old for survival in the next chapter in their life, a degree. They are taught the basic skills and subjects to maneuver on to college, or to start life. After the basics, they are taught more in depth skills and subjects. Schools aren’t good just for that. In schools children also gain life long friends, experiences and learn the social skills they need in life. 3. What should the curriculum contain? Basic skills and subjects? Experiences and projects? Inquiry processes? Critical dialogues? The curriculum should contain all basic skills and subjects, math, reading, language, writing, science, and geography. Then on a second level, to test the knowledge, and for student’s to learn from other students, projects should come in. As for experiences, I think that students that can relate, should share their experiences. It helps other students gain incite on another way something can happen; also it helps them understand more. 4. What should the relationship be between teachers and students? Transmitting heritage? Teaching learning skills and subjects? Examining great ideas? Encouraging self-expression? Constructing knowledge? Solving problems? The relationship between teachers and students should be more then just an authority figure. It should be on a friend level. But not too much. Just enough for comfort. I think teaching learning skills and subjects are priorities, as well as examining ideas. Self-expression should be encouraged. 5. When you have completed the above questions, review Chapter 4 and determine the type(s) of philosophy that your personal statements reflect. Include why you chose each philosophy. Dewey’s pioneer- Schooling that emphasizes problem solving and activities in a context of community. Making an doing ;history and geography; science ;problems. Montessori’s pioneer – Wide range of practical skills for life in urban centers, along with arts and sciences, and problem solving. Spontaneous learning; activities; practical, sensory, and formal skills; exercises for practical life.

Importance Of Diffusion Of Everyday Life - 1218 Words

Importance of Diffusion in Everyday Life Katelyn May University of Southern Mississippi Importance of Diffusion in Everyday Life Diffusion is important to organisms because it is the process by which useful molecules enter the body cells and waste products are removed. One way our body uses diffusion is, the digestion of food molecules. Diffusion causes a downward action of a concentration gradient, in this instance the molecules move from the intestine into the blood. There are many other ways diffusion is prevalent in our systems. Temperature is an important mechanism of diffusion. As temperature increases, so does the speed of diffusion. Temperature yields the rate of diffusion in a particular situation. Diffusion†¦show more content†¦But one example that many can relate to is the diffusion of smoke. Whether it is cigarette smoke, candle smoke, or smoke from cooking, it happens more frequently than we think. There are articles and journals on these topics that cover all the ins and outs that we would not even consider to think about at first glance. The topic of diffusion that is important and relates to most humans everyday life is cigarette smoke. Some smokers do not realize that when they smoke, it is not only harming themselves but everyone around them. The concept of diffusion is what causes second hand smoke. Instead of the smoke just dropping to the bottom or dissipating into the air, it diffuses and fills the air with many unwanted materials. Receiving second hand smoke is not genetically inclined unless a mother is smoking cigarettes while pregnant. The environment plays a role in distributing the smoke puffs in these scenarios. Secondhand smoke causes numerous health problems in infants and children, including more frequent and severe asthma attacks, respiratory infections, ear infections, and sudden infant death syndrome (WHO).The evidence from these jurisdictions consistently demonstrates not only that smoke free environments are enforceable, but popular and became more so following implementation. These laws have no negative impact and often had positive one. It produces an immediateShow MoreRelatedThe World Of Convection, Conduction, And Radiation1685 Words   |  7 Pageswaves or particles through a space or perhaps through a material of some sort† (Carey, p. 39). Importance of Convection, Conduction, and Radiation While an individual is casually living their everyday lives, it is most likely not often that they realize how much convection, conduction, and radiation play a part in impacting how they life and regulate heat. 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